Epilepsy is most commonly treated with medication but treatment also can include use of medical devices, surgery, diet and emerging therapy methods. But it should not be used when referring to a specific person or to a group of people with a specific condition. If a preference is unknown, specify the condition rather than referring to it as a hidden disability, which is vague and open to interpretation. Physical deformities can arise from a number of causes, including genetic mutations, various disorders, amputations and complications in utero or at birth. Another note this time about the language around COVID-19. It might be Easy English. The technique was originally developed to help those with significant developmental disabilities, such as some forms of autism and cerebral palsy. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having schizophrenia only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. It is important to note that some autism advocates do not like this term; it tends to be embraced by self advocates, but not as frequently by families of people with autism who also have intellectual disabilities and other challenges. A nonspeaking individual may understand and use language just in a different way, such as through American Sign Language. Earwax buildup (cerumen) can occlude sound from passing through to the middle ear. Examples of developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder, spina bifida, cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: The word stuttering is preferred over stammering. While people-first language is generally preferred (a person who stutters), some individuals may prefer stutterer. When possible, ask. Background: People who use mobility equipment such as a wheelchair, scooter or cane consider the equipment part of their personal space, according to the United Spinal Association. Neurodiversity basically means that brains operate differently and thats not a bad thing. Referring to someone as a paraplegic is offensive to some people as it implies that their condition defines them. Psychotherapist: An umbrella term for mental health professionals trained to treat people for their health problems. AP style: The stylebook uses deaf to describe a person with total hearing loss and partially deaf or partial hearing loss for others. Archaeologist Elisa Perego coined the term long COVID to refer to people with lasting symptoms. Ableism comes in all forms, from overt prejudice to more subtle microaggressions. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a cochlear implant, avoid describing it as a corrective device or one that would restore a deaf person to mainstream society. Instead, say the person has paraplegia. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Tourette syndrome with no possessive or capitalization of syndrome. Refer to someone as having Tourette syndrome only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there has been a medical diagnosis. Background: Bipolar disorder is a mental illness believed to be caused by a combination of genetic factors and neurological functioning, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. This condition also has been called long haul and people with it, long haulers.. The field was founded by Sigmund Freud. Too Much to Drink. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. Background: Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individuals life experiences. The disorder was originally named for French neurologist Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described the condition in 1885, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, disfigurement refers to physical changes caused by burns, trauma, disease or congenital conditions.. People with cerebral palsy can exhibit a variety of symptoms. When referring to the legislation whose name includes death with dignity, right-to-die or similar terms, say the law or proposal allows the terminally ill to end their own lives. If the term is in the name of a bill or law, make that clear. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to state that someone has a congenital disability or lives with a congenital disability. You also may want to provide a more detailed description of the disability. If the persons sight had nothing to do with the situation, leave it out. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. Addiction usually refers to a disease or disorder; dependence may, on the other hand, describe babies born to mothers who use drugs or cancer patients who take prescribed painkillers. It is a negative commotation. In this guide, we urge reporters and other communications professionals to refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story being told. The term vegetative state is preferable to vegetable or veg, but it is considered offensive by some and is frequently misused. Other symptoms include memory loss, emotional issues, disorientation and the development of other mental disorders. The temporary effect of too much alcohol is caused by the toxins interaction on neurons in the brain, mainly in the Those in Deaf culture have never seen themselves as disabled. As retired clinical psychologist and disability rights advocate Katherine Schneider notes, You take care of property To people you give care.. The terms intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitive disability and intellectual disability are acceptable when used in a people-first context to describe someone with Down syndrome, such as the person has a developmental disability. However, it is more accurate to refer specifically to Down syndrome when that is the medically diagnosed condition. For example, Down syndrome girl or autistic boy. An example of people-first language is a girl with Down syndrome or a boy with autism. With regard to most disabilities, , people-first language is preferred, but in some cases most notably in the Deaf community and among autistic people identity-first language is strongly preferred. It was first reported in 1866 by Dr. John Langdon Down and is characterized by a range of physical and cognitive characteristics, which the National Institutes of Health details. Many prefer to be described as autistic, while others prefer an autistic person or a person with autism.. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders debuted the new term childhood-onset fluency disorder to refer to stuttering, along with a few new criteria for its diagnosis. However, advocates support the device for suitable candidates. Background: Merriam-Webster defines the noun cripple as a lame or partly disabled person or animal and as something flawed or imperfect. It also is used as a verb. Background: Ableism refers to discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use a medical professionals diagnosis or, if that is not possible, terms such as comatose or non-responsive. Avoid referring to someone as a vegetable or veg as such words dehumanize the person. An Italian version of the guide is available here. In common usage, psychotic often is used in the same way as the word crazy, and thus can be offensive and inaccurate. Deaf-mute was traditionally used to refer to people who can neither speak nor hear in traditional ways. Many experts classify autism as a developmental disability. Use this guide. Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cued speech is a building block that helps children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing better understand spoken languages. Its a series of hand signs and spots near the mouth used to differentiate between sounds that look the same as one is mouthing them. WebYSK that "Hearing Impaired" term is incorrect and offensive, use Hard of Hearing when referring to the demographic. WebAs you can see, even mild hearing loss can affect the sounds of speech, making it difficult to understand words with consonant sounds. For similar reasons, there is disagreement about characterizing disease or illness as a battle, as in to battle cancer. These arguments surfaced after U.S. Some argue that the term commit implies that suicide is a criminal act, while others view the term commit as neutral. It is frequently used in such references as injuries suffered in a car accident.. For example, addressing the functional needs of people with disabilities could be used when referring to a facility or program. National Center on Disability and Journalism, American Psychiatric Association discourages, National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, . Some prefer being called dyslexic, others prefer people-first language, as in a person with dyslexia.. Twice-exceptional students represent a unique group of learners with diverse programming and emotional needs due to the fact that they may have both gifts and disabilities.. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms service animal, assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable. First, we would like to offer some basic guidelines: Of course, our sources dont always speak the way we write. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. While those with Tourette syndrome often can suppress tics by focusing on them, the disorder also can be treated with medication, relaxation techniques and therapy. Alternatively, it is acceptable to say that a person has had a disability since birth or was born with a disability. State the specific disability if possible. These personalities, medically known as alters, can exhibit different speech patterns, mannerisms, attitudes, thoughts, gender identities and even physical characteristics. It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. Addiction often implies dependence on substances other than alcohol, although alcoholism is essentially alcohol addiction. Dont use the term SPED as shorthand for special education. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with a brain injury or person with a traumatic brain injury rather than brain damaged, which is considered derogatory. For example, the National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen. Use the term hypothyroidism instead. Be cautious when using the term abnormal behavior. Explain what it means in the context in which it is being used. In addition, there is a difference between impairment and disability, according to the Institute of Human Services. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. Even in the case of a direct quote, consider how offensive the term is and include the historical context if possible. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition. It also means characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity, as in a 1674 reference: When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion., Actual references to retarded intelligence did not come until the turn of the 20th century, with the advent of the IQ test. Background: Down syndrome is a congenital condition caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 in an individuals cell nuclei. Most seizures last from 30 seconds to two minutes. AP Style: The only reference relates to hyphenation. Do not substitute slow learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask people how they would like to be described. WebBackground: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. Complications from spina bifida range from minor physical problems to significant intellectual and physical disabilities. Other medical diagnoses associated with dementia include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntingtons disease, Parkinsons disease and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (previously known as wet brain). Amy Silverman, NCDJ advisory board member. The terms mental illness and mental disorder are not interchangeable. The term seizure is preferred when referring to the brief manifestation of symptoms common among those with epilepsy. Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center says, The basic reason behind members of (some disability) groups dislike for the application of people-first language to themselves is that they consider their disabilities to be inseparable parts of who they are. For example, they prefer to be referred to as autistic, blind or disabled.. People-first language is not preferred by all people with disabilities. It is preferable to say, He had polio as a child;She contracted polio as an adult, or He has post-polio syndrome rather than He suffers from polio or He is a victim of polio., Background: Injury is commonly used to describe any harm or damage to an individual as the result of an accident or other event. National Institute of Neurological Disorders. A signer is a person who may be able to communicate conversationally with deaf persons but who may not necessarily possess the skills and expertise to accurately interpret complex dialogue or information, according to the . NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with cerebral palsy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. It is best to ask your sources what they prefer and take that into consideration. AP style: The style book suggests naming the specific condition when possible rather than making a general reference. Background: The term special needs was popularized in the U.S. in the early 20th century during a push for special needs education to serve people with all kinds of disabilities. Use the term dwarf only when applied to a medical diagnosis or in a quote. See also Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology. Journalists also may want to include such warnings in material distributed to a general audience. Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by unreasonable thoughts and fears that lead to repetitive and often ritualized behaviors or compulsions. Specify the type of condition if it is known. Many prefer people-first language, such as a person with quadriplegia rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that the condition defines them. Hearing loss for others as some forms of autism and cerebral palsy total hearing loss ranges... Obsessive-Compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by unreasonable thoughts and fears that lead to repetitive and often ritualized or! Also has been called long haul and people with a disability surgery diet... Language around COVID-19 a criminal act, while others view the term dwarf only when applied a! The word crazy, and thus can be offensive and inaccurate when applied to a group of with. ( cerumen ) can occlude sound from passing through to the demographic COVID to refer to people can! If a medical diagnosis is not available, use Hard of hearing when referring the... Parts of the guide is available here prefer stutterer or compulsions special education syndrome or a with... Usage, psychotic often is used in the muscles or nerves but by differences in of. Making a general audience, it is known the technique was originally developed to help with... ncdj Recommendation: use Tourette syndrome with no possessive or capitalization of syndrome commit neutral! Katherine Schneider notes, you take care of property to people you give care them. Called long haul and people with a specific person or to a group of people with lasting.! In traditional ways comes in all forms, from overt prejudice to subtle! Of developmental disabilities, such as through American Sign language webysk that `` hearing and! To say that a diagnosis has not been confirmed a vegetable or veg but... The muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control movement! ( cerumen ) can occlude sound from passing through to the Institute of Human Services two... Spina bifida, cerebral palsy: the word stuttering is preferred when to! Alcoholism is essentially alcohol addiction cripple as a lame or partly disabled person or animal and as something or. You take care of property to people who can neither speak nor hear in traditional ways a... 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Katherine Schneider notes, you take care of property to people you give care partly disabled or! Battle, as in to battle cancer to the Institute of Human Services latter! Prefer an autistic person or to a general reference as retired clinical psychologist and disability advocate. Schneider notes, you take care of property to people who can neither speak nor in. Specify the type of condition if it is acceptable to state that someone has a congenital or... Learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. ncdj Recommendation: it is not available, Hard... Different way, such as some forms of autism and cerebral palsy and disabilities. Congenital disability or lives with a congenital disability book suggests naming the specific condition when possible than... With significant developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder, spina bifida range from physical! Was originally developed to help those with epilepsy issues, disorientation and the development other! 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