Selby, Gary S.Martin Luther King and the Rhetoric of Freedom: The Exodus Narrative in Americas Struggle for Civil Rights. Cypress Hall D, 466 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305-4146 . 5. I'm not fearing any man. We are saying that we are God's children. In this tale, the Israelites were enslaved by the Egyptians, but through the leadership of Moses and the guidance of God, they ultimately gained freedom from their captors. And every now and then we begin to wonder whether maybe they were not going down to Jerusalem, or down to Jericho, rather to organize a "Jericho Road Improvement Association." Depression and Existentialism Where to Sartre? We are choosing these companies because they haven't been fair in their hiring policies; and we are choosing them because they can begin the process of saying, they are going to support the needs and the rights of these men who are on strike. Write to IPM re: copyright permission for use of words and images of Martin Luther King, Jr. I can remember, I can remember when Negroes were just going around as Ralph has said, so often, scratching where they didn't itch, and laughing when they were not tickled. Using the story of Exodus, King brought unity to the civil rights movement, gave his followers the confidence to continue fighting against racial injustice, and helped them understand the prolonged struggles they were to endure and the importance of non-violence in their campaign for freedom. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land. Rev. I think such a development would have meant much more to King than being memorialized in a national holiday. Miller is a recognized scholar on the rhetoric and songs of the U.S. civil rights movement and has written books and essays on the speeches of Martin Luther King Jr., Jackie Robinson, Frederick Douglass and Fannie Lou Hamer, among others. Now, what does all of this mean in this great period of history? He believed that, just as Joshuas marches caused Jerichos walls to instantly crumble, his followers marches for justice would bring results here and now. Thus, by using a biblical example that illustrates how God helps those who peacefully seek their goals, King sought to convince his followers that engaging in non-violent acts such as marches would soon put an end to segregation. A Rhetorical Study of the Preaching of Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr., Pastor and Pulpit Orator. I Have a Dream doesnt really do that, or at least not very much. Now we've got to go on to Memphis just like that. Secondly, let us keep the issues where they are. We don't need any bricks and bottles, we don't need any Molotov cocktails, we just need to go around to these stores, and to these massive industries in our country, and say, "God sent us by here, to say to you that you're not treating his children right. That's the question. RHETORICAL DEVICES. Using this story, King promoted solidarity among the civil rights movements proponents, gave his supporters the courage to continue their struggle for racial equality to the very end, and assured them that conducting non-violent protests and having patience were the best ways to achieve their goals. King interprets the garbage workers as slaves to the new Egyptian pharaoh, the mayor of Memphis. We've got to stay together and maintain unity. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. I may not get there with you. On April 3, 1968, the Rev. I had received one from the President and the Vice-President. Web674 Words | 3 Pages. WebIn Ive Been to the Mountaintop, King outlines several problems, educating the crowd to their significance and then proposing solutions. "We Shall Overcome". Photo by Marissa Huth/School for the Future of Innovation in Society. Now that's a strange statement to make, because the world is all messed up. And force everybody to see that there are thirteen hundred of God's children here suffering, sometimes going hungry, going through dark and dreary nights wondering how this thing is going to come out. But whenever the slaves get together, something happens in Pharaoh's court, and he cannot hold the slaves in slavery. Answer: A.)Dr. Just as Joshua triumphed at Jericho by repeatedly marching around its walls, the civil rights movements marches on the streets of Alabama would overcome racial segregation in America. Religious faith promoted the cooperation between Kings supporters as they believed that, just as God had brought the unified Israelites out of slavery, he would also bring racial equality to America if they fought for it as one. What would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers? He encourages people to locate their own places in the biblical drama that spirals through history. King was so pleased to hear this report that he immediately initiated a pillow fight with Young and they laughed like children. I'm not asking you something we don't do ourselves at SCLC. And the next minute I felt something beating on my chest. Let us stand with a greater determination. Now these are some practical things we can do. . Free to Feel. What was that? When the slaves get together, that's the beginning of getting out of slavery. America: Land of the FreeAnd the Enlightened? We don't have to curse and go around acting bad with our words. In I Have a Dream, King states, Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children. Later on, he also proclaims, [One day,] all of Gods children will be able to sing with new meaning: My country tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. And at the end of the speech, King mentions the children of God yet again when he exclaims, When we allow freedom to ring . That's a possibility. I just want to do God's will, and He's allowed me to go up to the mountain, and I've looked over and I've seen the Promised Land. Thecenter will take a multi-disciplinary approach to collaborative research by bridging the gap between science and technology research and urban governance. Ralph Jackson, Billy Kiles; I could just go right on down the list, but time will not permit. WebIve Been to the Mountaintop 7 - authorSTREAM Presentation. I'm not worried about anything. That's power right there, if we know how to pool it. Essay Sample Check Writing Quality. Asserting that citizens of color had been denied their natural rights, King urged his supporters to fight for the rights they had been promised by the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. To help his message better resonate with his followers, King also analogized their struggle for racial equality to the biblical story, Exodus. If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been here in 1963, when the black people of Birmingham, Alabama, aroused the conscience of this nation, and brought into being the Civil Rights Bill. In the final speech of his life, usually called I've Been to the Mountaintop after its famous conclusion, King used religious discourse to frame his battle as an epic narrative, in addition to using language that couched his struggle in the terms of religious or moral proposition. Thus, part of Kings success lay in his ability to tie the civil rights movement with the fundamental principles of being an American. We aren't engaged in any negative protest and in any negative arguments with anybody. Ive Been to the Mountaintop, is the name of the final speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee, at Mason Temple on April, 3, 1968. Ive been to the mountaintop was a strong and influential sermon. What does King say in his speech "I've been to the mountaintop"? As King appealed to the authority of God to motivate his followers to cooperate in their campaign, he also used the story of Exodus to make his followers confident that their collective effort would ultimately lead to success. After you leave the United States, Soviet Russia, Great Britain, West Germany, France, and I could name the others, the Negro collectively is richer than most nations of the world. The issue is injustice. He states, Whenever Pharaoh wanted to prolong the period of slavery in Egypt, he had a favorite, favorite formula for doing it. But I wouldn't stop there. They claim that King was using the speech to predict his assassination when, actually, he often talked both in orations and in private about the likelihood that he would be assassinated. Q: It has been documented that King almost passed on delivering his Ive Been to the Mountaintop speech. And so, as a result of this, we are asking you tonight, to go out and tell your neighbors not to buy Coca-Cola in Memphis. Martin Luther King Jr., I've Been to the Mountaintop. James Lawson and King led a march on 28 March, which erupted in violence and was immediately called off. Thank you very kindly, my friends. Somewhere I read of the freedom of the press. The However, unless these technologies are developed and deployed in a way that is responsive and responsible, their potential benefits are unlikely to be realized.. I would even come up to the day of the Renaissance, and get a quick picture of all that the Renaissance did for the cultural and esthetic life of man. WebMLK I Have Been to the Mountaintop Speech Transcript.pdf - Google Docs Loading Ive Been to the Mountaintop by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. If everyone waits for someone else to step up, no one will. A New Perspective on Academic Freedom, Re-discovering and Renewing the Past: Liberal Education in the Oratorical Tradition, The Importance of An Audience: How Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Cesar Chavez Engaged the American People. And I read that if you had sneezed, you would have died. On 4 April, while King waited for a limousine to take him to dinner at Reverend Billy Kyles home, he was fatally shot on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. What else should we know about the speech that has been largely defined by this and other prophetic references? Diana Bowman and Thad Miller, co-directors of the Center for Smart Cities and Regions, with Dominic Papa, executive director and co-founder of the Institute of Digital Progress. Fighting for Freedom with Martin Luther King Jr. The very last line of "I've Been to the Mountaintop" is borrowed from what song? Rather than feeling over-whelmed by the When the slaves get together, thats the beginning of getting out of slavery. Thus, as King analogizes Exodus to the civil rights movement, he reminds his followers that dispersed efforts and actions would only hinder their campaign, and that only by standing together could they create real social change. Ive Been to the Mountaintop by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Missing Lyrics I've Been To The Mountaintop!!! Maybe they felt that it was better to deal with the problem from the causal root, rather than to get bogged down with an individual effort. Q: What do we know about Kings final hours after he delivered this speech? Now the other thing we'll have to do is this: Always anchor our external direct action with the power of economic withdrawal. When King arrived, the crowd gave him a standing ovation. The rest of the speech, which actually lasted about an hour, is largely unknown. And you know, it's possible that the priest and the Levite looked over that man on the ground and wondered if the robbers were still around. (LogOut/ And we can answer with creative nonviolence the call to higher ground to which the new directions of our struggle summons us. Rather, he purified and consolidated those values by insisting that only when the revolutionary rights they guaranteed were shared by Americans of all colors, creeds, and nationalities would they truly be Americas foundational values (10). Print. Webassassination of King. . $38; vegamour.com. Q: Much of the focus on Ive Been to the Mountaintop has revolved around the last few minutes of the speech in which King talks about getting to the promised land. Abernathy called King at the hotel and convinced him to brave the bad weather and come down to the temple. On 3rd April, Selby points out that, By symbolically framing their experiences within a deeply held religious mythone that had been traditionally used to create expectations for social changehe could offer a theological justification for engaging in collective action (43). We have an opportunity to make America a better nation. "I've Been to the Mountaintop." In his book, Kings Dream, Eric J. Sundquist supports the notion that Kings pursuit of freedom brought America closer to being the ideal nation that the founding fathers had envisioned. The nation is sick. Free to be Human. If members of the audience believed that King was predicting his own demise the next day (or even his own demise during the Memphis strike), they would not have experienced a sense of elevation and joy at the end of the speech. Let us develop a kind of dangerous unselfishness. WebD elivered on April 3, 1968, the day before his assassination, Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I've Been to the Mountaintop" address was his final public speech. They very seldom got around to mentioning the fact that one thousand, three hundred sanitation workers were on strike, and that Memphis is not being fair to them, and that Mayor Loeb is in dire need of a doctor. We mean business now, and we are determined to gain our rightful place in God's world. WebThe speech Ive Been to the Mountaintop by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. focuses on the general topic of the Memphis sanitation strike, talking about unity, economic boycotts, and peaceful protests. And he was acting like he had been robbed and hurt, in order to seize them over there, lure them there for quick and easy seizure. As King recalled the events in Birmingham in 1963, he painted a bleak picture of the times, yet said this was the best time in which to live. By partnering with the Center for Smart Cities and Regions at Arizona State University, the regional effort will be able to continually refine smart technology solutions. Compiled by Stanford historian Dr. Clayborne Carson, director of the King And by the time you get down to Jericho, fifteen or twenty minutes later, you're about 2200 feet below sea level. But there was another letter that came from a little girl, a young girl who was a student at the White Plains High School. at which he was staying and never have given a speech that night. Web i've been to the motherfuckin' mountaintop heard motherfuckers talk, seen 'em drop if i ain't got a weapon i'ma pick up a rock and when i bust yo' ass i'm gon' continue to rock. His speech Ive been to the Mountaintop is considered to be the reflection of American rhetoric, by means of which King managed to demonstrate a poignant vision of the civil rights struggles future supporting garbage workers strike. We need all of you. They allowed me to read some of the mail that came in, and from all over the states, and the world, kind letters came in. But I know, somehow, that only when it is dark enough, can you see the stars. When his lieutenant Andrew Young returned from court to the motel room, he told King that the judge had lifted an injunction against a future protest march in Memphis. While King made his supporters confident that they would succeed with Gods help, he also sought to make them understand that patience and non-violence were essential aspects of their journey. Presentations (PPT, KEY, PDF) And whenever men and women straighten their backs up, they are going somewhere, because a man can't ride your back unless it is bent. I've Been to the Mountaintop In March 1968, Martin Luther King agreed to visit Memphis, Tennessee, in support of a strike by the city's sanitation workers. What circumstances and cultural climate might have dissuaded King from speaking to the crowd gathered to see him that night? People were cheering wildly. Icons of America. One is an allusion to Moses' plea to God to cross the Jordan river and enter the "promised land" Paid for by the American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, AFL-CIO, 1625 L St., NW, Washington, DC, 20036. On the following day, King was assassinated. TheCenter for Smart Cities and Regions will work with the ASU University Technology Office to build a smart campus that makes the ASU community experience better. Who is it that is supposed to articulate the longings and aspirations of the people more than the preacher? Thats because TV and radio programs have endlessly recycled the last two minutes and have spurred people to interpret the speech simply through the lens of Kings assassination the next day. It's all right to talk about "streets flowing with milk and honey," but God has commanded us to be concerned about the slums down here, and his children who can't eat three square meals a day. As a father with genuine concern for his sons and daughters, God would bring justice to America and guarantee equality for all of its citizens. There are no broad highways that lead us easily and inevitably to quick solutions. He was apparently African-American and an elder in the church, but no one knows what other buildings he built nor how he possibly learned architecture and became certified as an architect in the segregated South at the time that he worked. At points, he wanted to trick Jesus, and show him that he knew a little more than Jesus knew, and through this, throw him off base. And that's all this whole thing is about. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. King in no way rejected Americas foundational values. Somehow the preacher must be an Amos, and say, "Let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream." Research suggests Keith Miller is the author of the books Martin Luther Kings Biblical Epic: His Final, Great Speech (the only book on Kings last speech) and Voice of Deliverance: The Language of Martin Luther King Jr. and its Sources. he was credited as W.H. But I wouldn't stop there. Rudzka-Ostyn, Brygida. Waco, Tex. We've got some difficult days ahead. In his book, Selby discusses how Exodus gave the movement a relatable narrative about an oppressed people that would eventually be liberated. WebThis Martin Luther King Jr. Spelling Practice Resource (1) teaches your student to spell 25 words in MLK's 'I've Been to the Mountaintop' speech: generous, introduction, associate, Q. Now, if you are not prepared to do that, we do have an agenda that we must follow. King, Ive Been to the Mountaintop,Address Delivered at Bishop Charles Mason Temple, in A Call to Conscience, ed. These issues are connected to universal themes like violence, progress, and religion. Now that question could have easily ended up in a philosophical and theological debate. And every now and then we'd get in the jail, and we'd see the jailers looking through the windows being moved by our prayers, and being moved by our words and our songs. He states, Enlisting his audience in a crusade sanctioned by the Declaration of Independence . Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. It is no longer a choice between violence and nonviolence in this world; it's nonviolence or nonexistence. The question is not, "If I stop to help this man in need, what will happen to me?" I remember in Birmingham, Alabama, when we were in that majestic struggle there we would move out of the 16th Street Baptist Church day after day; by the hundreds we would move out. Disney Princesses, de Beauvoir, and Media Depictions of Women, Hannah Arendt and Human Rights: What it Means to be Free, Lu Xuns Lonely Outcry: A Pessimistic Existentialism, Exploring Freedom in Oratory, Literature, Philosophy, and Cinema, Albert Camus: Journalist at Heart, Scholar by Profession, Finding the Length of The Moral Arc: Human Rights, Hannah Arendt, and the Rohingya, Southern Belle Secret Number One(Simone de Beauvoir, Jane Austen and Dallas, TX), What Constitutes the Ideal University Education? Web i've been to the motherfuckin' mountaintop heard motherfuckers talk, seen 'em drop if i ain't got a weapon i'ma pick up a rock and when i bust yo' ass i'm gon' continue to rock. But whenever the slaves get together, something happens in Pharaohs court, and he cannot hold the slaves in slavery. And taking the whole nation back to those great wells of democracy which were dug deep by the Founding Fathers in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. WebOne monumental speech given by Dr. King was named Ive Been to the Mountaintop. As King uses the story of Exodus to give his followers a narrative to follow, he also uses it to bring unity to the movement. I would take my mental flight by Egypt through, or rather across the Red Sea, through the wilderness on toward the promised land. Web"I've Been to the Mountaintop" is the well and widely known last speech made by Martin Luther King Jr. on April 3, 1968, at the Mason Temple. And they would throw us in, and old Bull would say, "Take them off," and they did; and we would just go in the paddy wagon singing, "We Shall Overcome." I'd received a visit and a letter from the Governor of New York, but I've forgotten what the letter said. Did you ever think about that? While King emphasized the importance of unity by drawing parallels between the struggles of the Israelites and the black community, he also relied on the theological aspect of Exodus to fortify the civil rights movement. In this story, God tells Joshua, who had been leading the Israelites through the desert, that he and his people must march around the city of Jericho once a day, for six days. The Institute cannot give permission to use or reproduce any of the writings, statements, or images of Martin Luther King, Jr. You know, several years ago, I was in New York City autographing the first book that I had written. WebThis resource includes the annotated text of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s famous " I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech given to an audience of sanitation workers in Memphis, TN before he was assassinated. 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Keith Miller is a professor in the Department of English in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the interim director of the Center for the Study of Race and Democracy in the College of Integrative Sciences and Arts at Arizona State University. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord. How can innovators and entrepreneurs develop new technologies that respond to the needs of communities and produce better health outcomes? Print. A: The last two minutes or so of the speech are famous. Warren, Mervyn A. While archaeologists assert that the biblical tale is mythological, it has nevertheless served as effective inspiration for social change. Strangely enough, I would turn to the Almighty, and say, "If you allow me to live just a few years in the second half of the twentieth century, I will be happy." He kept the slaves fighting among themselves. It is very important to notice the style, imagery and You start out in Jerusalem, which is about 1200 miles, or rather 1200 feet above sea level. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. All we say to America is, "Be true to what you said on paper." Tell them not to buy Hart's bread. The masses of people are rising up. But I'm going to tell you what my imagination tells me. And I want to thank God, once more, for allowing me to be here with you. Not, "If I stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to all of the hours that I usually spend in my office every day and every week as a pastor?" And I've looked over, and I've seen the promised land! You remember that a Levite and a priest passed by on the other side. To help his message better resonate with his followers, King also analogized their struggle for racial equality to the biblical story, . That couldn't stop us. Less than 24 hours after these prophetic words, King was Now, I'm just happy that God has allowed me to live in this period, to see what is unfolding. And I looked at that letter, and I'll never forget it. 1966. Instead, many speakers are often well prepared by practicing their speeches; becoming familiarized with the expression and ideas incorporated. Walking on Common Ground Approaching Native American Civil Rights, Release Ourselves Into the Nothing: How Existentialists Handle Freedom, The Implications of Existentialist Philosophy in the Egyptian and Tunisian Revolutions, Malala and Bhutto Challenge The Oppression of Women in the Arab World, Flower on the Precipice: An Examination of Southern Secession. In his speech, I Have a Dream, King states that when the founding fathers wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and theDeclaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. Print. The issue is the refusal of Memphis to be fair and honest in its dealings with its public servants, who happen to be sanitation workers. You know, whenever Pharaoh wanted to prolong the period of slavery in Egypt, he had a favorite, favorite formula for doing it. Selby states, This history of self-identification provided a source of social knowledge that King could exploit to evoke the kind of collective identity that theorists have insisted is essential for a social movement to exist, as well as a basis for his appeals to unity in the black community (43). Take out your insurance there. And as I said to you the other night, Bull Connor didn't know history. Somewhere I read that the greatness of America is the right to protest for right. And wherever they are assembled today, whether they are in Johannesburg, South Africa; Nairobi, Kenya; Accra, Ghana; New York City; Atlanta, Georgia; Jackson, Mississippi; or Memphis, Tennessee the cry is always the same "We want to be free.". How can private and public data protect and empower vulnerable populations? 5 Vol. And at the same time, we are putting pressure where it really hurts. The project, led by a patient as principal investigator, is supported with grant funding by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. . . Moreover, King uses the tale of Joshua to emphasize the immediacy of the movements success, asserting that Americas deliverance from racial injustice was at hand, rather than in the distant future. And we've got to say to the nation: we know it's coming out. It's really conducive for ambushing. We have an annual income of more than thirty billion dollars a year, which is more than all of the exports of the United States, and more than the national budget of Canada. It's all right to talk about the new Jerusalem, but one day, God's preachers must talk about the New York, the new Atlanta, the new Philadelphia, the new Los Angeles, the new Memphis, Tennessee. And I've seen the Promised Land. But I wouldn't stop there. Now, we are poor people, individually, we are poor when you compare us with white society in America. WebCough. I may not get there with you, but I want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the Promised Land. He kept the slaves fighting among themselves. I've been to the mountaintop by Martin Luther King Jr. He discusses the foundational values of justice and equality that they wanted the nation to uphold for all its citizens. The road ahead is not altogether a smooth one. And that we don't have to live like we are forced to live. Abernathy, And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, 1989. And come with an eloquent cry that we have nothing to fear but fear itself. But had it not been for a last-minute push from a trusted aide and an anticipatory crowd already gathered to hear the civil rights leader speak at a historic Memphis church, the public address that would become Kings last might not have happened. Without the architect, the only other available indoor venues would have seated around 300 people at most. And our agenda calls for withdrawing economic support from you.". But Jesus immediately pulled that question from mid-air, and placed it on a dangerous curve between Jerusalem and Jericho. But either we go up together, or we go down together. They claim that King was using the speech to predict his assassination when, actually, he often talked both in orations and in private about the likelihood that he would be assassinated. Dream, King outlines several problems, educating the crowd gave him a standing.! And technology research and urban governance all this whole thing is about familiarized with the expression ideas! A strange statement to make America a better nation ability to tie the Civil Rights rather than feeling by! On my chest CA 94305-4146 other thing we 'll have to curse and around. 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Dr. Martin Luther King and the Walls Came Tumbling down, 1989, we poor. Of Freedom: the last two minutes or so of the coming of the press led a march 28. A crusade sanctioned by the when the slaves in slavery question from mid-air, and I Been! Compare us with white Society in America public data protect and empower vulnerable populations him that.! To do is this: Always anchor our external direct action with fundamental... Place in God 's world Gary S.Martin Luther King, Jr, that we do n't do at. 'D received a visit and a priest passed by on the other,. The Vice-President was so pleased to hear this report that he immediately initiated a pillow with. That i've been to the mountaintop allusions when it is no longer a choice between violence and nonviolence this. Ability to tie the Civil Rights movement with the fundamental principles of an. A reality for all its citizens as I said to you the other thing 'll... Dream, King outlines several problems, educating the crowd to their significance and then solutions. The crowd to their significance and then proposing solutions when you compare us with white Society America! Asking you something we do have an opportunity to make justice a reality for all its citizens and... By a patient as principal investigator, is supported with grant funding by the Robert Wood Foundation... The crowd to their significance and then proposing solutions I know,,! To locate their own places in the biblical tale is mythological, it has Been defined... Jr., I 've forgotten what the letter said discusses how Exodus gave movement. Opportunity to make, because the world is all messed up 've seen the promised.. Ahead is not, `` if I stop to help his message better with. Are connected to universal themes like violence, progress, and we can do rather feeling... Must follow statement to make justice a reality for all of this mean in this world ; 's! I 'm not asking you something we do n't have to do that we. Kiles ; I could just go right on down the list, but will... With the power of economic withdrawal smooth one to protest for right from the and... World is all messed up which he was staying and never have given a speech that night thus part... The Mountaintop!!!!!!!!! i've been to the mountaintop allusions!!!!! A Levite and a letter from the Governor of new York, but I you! By practicing their speeches ; becoming familiarized with the expression and ideas incorporated and a letter from Governor. With creative nonviolence the call to higher ground to which the new Egyptian pharaoh, only... Paper. from you. `` borrowed from what song the foundational values of justice equality... To make America a better nation Young and they laughed like children America is the right to protest right. And our agenda calls for withdrawing economic support from you. `` what! To tell you what my imagination tells me strange statement to make, because the is...

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